David's Online Journal

The point of having good boxing footwork is to go in and out. Don’t waste your legs and footwork skills by just plodding forward all the time or running away all the time. The point of “footwork” is to use your legs to go in all directions and changing directions as needed. At the very minimum, you should use boxing footwork to get yourself IN & OUT of punching range and use hit & run tactics all the time.
CREATE SPACE – When he starts to punch, step back and create some space. You want to backstep just enough to be out of range and make him hit air. Again you’re NOT running, you’re just making space.
IN & PUNCH – Right as he’s finished punching (won’t be long since you’re out of range), quickly STEP IN and throw some punches. Chances are, he probably stopped punching and started chasing you when you jumped in and caught him with his feet off the ground.
REPEAT Step 1 – You’ve stopped his forward momentum by landing some punches and he’s finally found his footing and started throwing back counter-punches but it’s too late because you already created space again.
REPEAT Step 2 – He realizes the counter-punches are too late and right as he stops punching you have once again slid into range and threw more punches.
http://www.videojug.com/film/how-to-learn-boxing-footwork

Blocking is a skill in boxing that helps protect the player from any incoming punches. It also makes sure that no points are scored.
The double arm block, also known as ‘covering-up’, is more than a simple defence; it’s a very effective tool for moving into range, from long range to mid/short range. If you want a virtually impregnable defence, make sure that you understand how and why we use the double arm block. It’s not a passive, weak defence. On the contrary, the double arm block is one of the core, reactive boxing techniques in any situation where you need to advance quickly and safely.
1) From the boxing stance, on sight of an incoming shot, bring the arms together, turning the palms inwards towards your face and raising the fists to only about the level of the eyebrows.
2) When the shot has been blocked, return the hands to the guard position.

Uppercut in boxing is again, is used as an attacking-scoring shot, again a clean connect could possible end in a knockout. This shot is less risky compared to the hook, this is because when you throw the shot, there isn’t as much of a target compared to the hook. The uppercut is a punch used in boxing that usually aims at the opponent’s chin. It is, along with the cross, one of the two main punches that count in the statistics as power punches. It is known for causing more damage at a closer range.
1) From the boxing stance, the first action is a drop of the knees; a duck. The duck is a very simple skill which you can find out how to do by checking out the article ducking in boxing.
2) As the duck is taking place, there is an explosive thrust from the ball of the back foot. This thrust both initiates the shot and provides the power to rotate the hips and upper body. This action is what gives the shot it’s power.
3) The thrust from the back foot generates massive counter-clockwise rotation of the hips and upper body. Keep your back straight and rotate around your central axis, as covered in other videos on the site, for instance for the mid-range right uppercut to the head.
4)As the rotation of the upper body reaches it’s farthest point, the back hand (right hand for orthodox, left hand for southpaw) begins it’s journey to the target. The fist must accelerate toward the target and not travel at a consistent speed. Think of the ’crack’ of a whip lash, this crack is caused by the acceleration of the whip.
5) The same principle is in play when throwing any boxing shot, the right uppercut to the body included.
6) To be a true uppercut, the punch must land with the forearm aligned with the opponent’s vertical, central axis. If this is not the case, then the punch is a short right hook.
7) Having landed the shot, return the arm to the guard position instantly (as with the boxing stance).

The hook shot is a very attacking shot in boxing, it is used to damage the opponent with a clean connection would score points for them. Although it is an attacking shot, if thrown and missed your opponent may be able to throw a counter punch, this is because it leaves you open once you’ve thrown the shot. In boxing, the hook shot is known more as a power shot where you are trying to cause damage to your opponent by trying to hit him to the ground and ultimately trying to finish your opponent off. As well as this, the hook wont always knock your opponent to the mat, but you still get points for a clean connection.
1) From the boxing stance, the first action is a bend (or ‘drop’) of the knees. This is covered in the article on ducking.
2) As the duck is taking place, there is an explosive thrust from the ball of the front foot. This explosive thrust generates a clockwise rotation of the hips and upper body.
3) As the rotation of the hips is taking place, the lead arm is accelerated toward the target. The arm should hold a given form depending upon how far the fist must travel to the target. So, if the target is at true close range, then the arm should undertake only minimal movement. If the target is at mid range, then the arm will ‘arc’ more and result in an ‘L’ shape at point of impact.
4) The rotation of the upper body must deliver plenty of torque to direct the most power possible to the target whilst remaining totally in control. At the end of the rotation the fist clenches and impacts the target.
5) After the shot has landed, the arm returns to the guard position and the boxing stance is returned to normal.

The idea of the jab is that it is a shot that people score from, it is also a shot that boxers use because it enable a player to judge how far or how close a player is, it also doesnt take up a lot of energy to In boxing, there are several types of jabs in boxing, they are:
Regular – The regular jab or the standard jab is just that – a jab. To throw the jab from the basic position, step forward with your lead foot as you extend your arm out towards your opponent. As you recover your lead arm, the rear foot moves forward to return you to your basic stance.
Tapper – The main point is to use the tapper jab to get your opponent’s defenses up. This is a light punch that is used simply to make your opponent put up his defenses to give you time to land a harder punch or to skip out of harm’s way.
Space-Maker – This is the same as the tapper jab except that you leave your arm almost fully extended so your jab is quicker but weaker since it lacks the distance to generate power.The space-maker can be thrown multiple times as you circle around to your opponent’s right side. (Left-handers will do the opposite). An important thing to notice about the space-maker jab is that it’s mainly there to just distract the opponent. It is VERY important to keep an eye out for your opponent’s right hand since extending your left arm leaves you vulnerable to punches on that side of your head. Also, ALWAYS be moving around when you use the space-maker; if you stand still and stretch your arm you will get hit with the hard right counter.
Power Jab – A power jab gets its power from your legs, your body rotation, and your angle on the opponent. For the legs to generate power into the jab, you have to step forward. You have to step swiftly and powerfully without lunging. A lunging jab might be the perfect weapon to catch your opponent off guard but don’t do it too much or else you’ll get countered. The easiest way to rotate your body as you jab is to circle to your opponent’s right side, which is your left side. While circling, your upper body will have to rotate a little to give you a straight angle shot at your opponent.
The Double Jab – The double jab is exactly what it sounds like – one good jab followed by another. The double jab works well when followed by a straight right to the head or body. Another way to use the double jab is when you find yourself in a jab contest where both of you are trading jabs and trying to throw 1-2 combinations.Your first jab will trade or nullify with his jab, and your second jab will intercept the right hand and score the point.

The rings used in World championship fights shall not measure less than eighteen (18) feet (5.486 m) nor more than twenty-four (24) feet (7.315 m) per side of the rope, and the floor of the ring shall extend beyond the ropes not less than eighteen (18) inches (457.2 cm). The floor of the ring shall be padded with a one inch (25.4 mm) layer of Enslolite or its equivalent, placed on a one inch (25.4 mm) construction wood base or other appropriate material stretched and secured under the platform. The ropes of the ring may be three (3) or four (4) in number and not less than one (1) inch (25.4 mm) of diameter. All the ropes shall be covered with a soft material. When three ropes are used, the same shall extend in three parallel lines at two (2) feet (.610 m), three (3) feet (.914 m) and four (4) feet (1,219 mm) from the floor, the second at thirty (30) inches (762.0 mm), the third one at forty-two inches (1066.8 mm) and the fourth rope at fifty-four (54) inches (1371.6 mm)from the floor of the ring.
The WBO International Officials Committee shall keep a list of officials — Judges and Referees — qualified to act in WBO World Championship contests for the purpose of the appointments to be made by the President. The President shall appoint in an impartial manner and according to availability, the officials for the World Championship contests, which shall be three (3) JUDGES who shall keep the score and ONE non-scoring Referee. However, where it may be necessary for a Referee to keep score, the President may appoint TWO (2) JUDGES and ONE (1) REFEREE to consign the score. (b)The officials shall be remunerated for their services in the fights according to the following schedule:
The Referee shall be the chief official in all Championship contests and shall be in charge of the control of the fight. (b) Before the Championship contest begins, the Referee shall identify the Chief Second for each one of the Contestants. The Chief Seconds shall be responsible for the conduct of his or her Contestant’s corner. (c) It is the customary act of sportsmanship that the Contestants shake hands before the fight immediately after the Referee’s Instructions and when the fight is over. (d) The Referee shall examine the bandages and gloves of each Contestant before the fight begins to make sure that the gloves are free of any extraneous substance that could be harmful to the opponent, and that the bandages of each contestant are in conformity with the WBO World Championship Regulations. (e) The Referee may stop the fight and console with the ringside physician on whether, in the physician’s opinion, a contestant is physically able to continue. (f)The Referee may impose discipline and enforce the WBO Roles and the Uniform Roles regarding the conduct and behavior of the Contestants and Seconds.
When a contestant is down, the Referee shall order the opponent to retire to the farthest neutral corner and shall immediately begin the count on the fallen contestant. The Referee shall audibly announce the count while he moves his arm downward indicating the end of each second of the count. (b) If the opponent refuses to remain in the neutral corner farthest from the fallen boxer, the Referee shall stop the count until the boxer returns to the corner and shall then resume the count at the point in which it was interrupted. The fallen fighter shall take the compolsory eight (8) count. (c) If, when reaching the count of eight (8), the fighter is up, the Referee, if he deems it necessary, may examine said contestant taking all the time needed to evaluate whether the contestant is fit to continue. If the Referee determines that the fighter is fit to continue, the Referee shall promptly order the contest to continue. (d) If the contestant taking the count is still down when the Referee calls the count of ten (10), the Referee shall wave both arms indicating that the contestant has been knocked out. (e) A fighter may not be saved by the bell in any round. If a contestant is down when a round’s three-minute duration has expired, the timekeeper shall not ring the bell, and the Referee shall continue the count until the contestant rises or is counted out. If the Referee determines that the contestant is on his feet and fit to continue the fight before he reaches the ten count, he shall indicate to the timekeeper to ring the bell and the round will thereupon terminate. The one-minute rest period will then commence at the termination of the round as determined by the Referee. Only the Referee may make the determination when the round ends when there is a knockdown within 10 seconds of the end of the round. If a timekeeper inadvertently rings the bell before the Referee determines that the knocked down fighter is fit to continue, the Referee will continue his count and resolve the knockdown and determine the end of the round without regard to the inadvertent bell. If the Referee determines that the knocked down fighter is fit to continue before the ten count, he will thereupon terminate the round and will instruct the timekeeper to commence the one-minute rest period from the point of that determination. (f)A contestant shall be considered down when any part of his body, other than his feet, is on the floor, or if he is hanging helplessly over the ropes, and only is held up by the ropes, as the result of a legal blow. Only the Referee may determine whether there has been a knockdown.
The weight of the gloves to be used in World Championship contests shall be as follows:

(1) From Mini Flyweight to Welterweight, eight (8) ounce gloves shall be used.
(2) From Jr. Middleweight to Heavyweight, ten (10) ounce gloves shall be used.
(b) The weight of gloves to be used is determined by the weight classification at the official weight-in, not the weight of the Contestants at the time of the contest. (c) The Contestants may, by agreement, determine which brand of gloves are to be used. The Contestants may agree that different brands of gloves may be used by each Contestant. In the absence of agreement, the Promoter shall be responsible to provide not less than four (4) identical pairs of new gloves to be selected by the Contestants for use in the championship contest and for back-up. The weight of the gloves shall be as per Section 20(a)based on the Weight Division of the championship contest.

1) You cannot hit below the belt, hold, trip, kick, headbutt, wrestle, bite, spit on, or push your opponent.
2) You cannot hit with your head, shoulder, forearm, or elbow.
3) You cannot hit with an open glove, the inside of the glove, the wrist, the backhand, or the side of the hand.
4) You cannot punch your opponent’s back, or the back of his head or neck (rabbit punch), or on the kidneys (kidney punch).
5) You cannot throw a punch while holding on to the ropes to gain leverage.
6) You can’t hold your opponent and hit him at the same time, or duck so low that your head is below your opponent’s belt line.
7) When the referee breaks you from a clinch, you have to take a full step back; you cannot immediately hit your opponent–that’s called “hitting on the break” and is illegal.
8) You cannot spit out your mouthpiece on purpose to get a rest.
9) If you score a knockdown of your opponent, you must go to the farthest neutral corner while the referee makes the count.
10) If you “floor” your opponent, you cannot hit him when he’s on the canvas.
11) A floored boxer has up to ten seconds to get back up on his feet before losing the bout by knockout.
12) A boxer who is knocked down cannot be saved by the bell in any round, depending upon the local jurisdiction’s rules.
13) A boxer who is hit with an accidental low blow has up to five minutes to recover. If s/he cannot continue after five minutes, s/he is considered knocked out.
14) If the foul results in an injury that causes the fight to end immediately, the boxer who committed the foul is disqualified.
15) If the foul causes an injury but the bout continues, the referee orders the judges to deduct two points from the boxer who caused the injury.
16) If an unintentional foul causes the bout to be stopped immediately, the bout is ruled a “no contest” if four rounds have not been fully completed. (If the bout was scheduled for four rounds, then three rounds must have been completed.) If four rounds have been completed, the judges’ scorecards are tallied and the fighter who is ahead on points is awarded a technical decision. If the scores are even, it will be called a “technical draw.”
17) If a boxer is knocked out of the ring, he gets a count of 20 to get back in and on his feet. He cannot be assisted.
In some jurisdictions the standing eight-count or the three knockdown rule also may be in effect.
18) In other jurisdictions, only the referee can stop the bout.

Imagine someone constantly trying to make your life a living hell. I doubt anyone of us would find this acceptable if this was happening to us or to someone whom we loved. Bullying happens daily but enough people recognise it to stop it. Most people don’t even care as it is not affecting their lives.  How many of you have called someone a name? How many of you have treated someone poorly? How many of you have judged someone on who they are or what they have done? If you fall under any of these categories then you are a bully! I am hoping this essay helps you to see the error of bullying and also to be able to recognise bullying and stop it.

So what is bullying? According to leading bullying expert Dr.Haber, Bullying is when you intend to harm someone repeatedly to make yourself more powerful.There are four different types of bullying. The first type of bullying is relational.This is when the bully seeks power over the victim by harming the victim’s relationships with others through blackmail, humiliation, manipulation of friendships, or other methods. Some examples include, making someone look bad, spreading rumors and threatening to reveal personal information. The second type of bullying is verbal. Verbal bullying is when a bully intentionally uses language to hurt or undermine another individual. Some examples include, teasing or poking fun, jokes at the victim’s expense, verbal rudeness, name calling with harmful intent, Intimidation and humiliation. The third type is physical bullying. This occurs when the bully intrudes on the victim’s physical space, threatens physical violence, or actually engages in unwanted physical contact. Some examples include,throwing objects or using objects without permission, stealing or hiding things and defacing with graffiti.The last type of bullying is cyber. Cyber bullying is a form of bullying which involves the use of email, cell phone and pager text messages, instant messaging, camera phones, and blogs to support hostile behavior by an individual or group towards others with the intent to harm. All four of these are different but at the end of the day they all have the same effect. Hurting another individual!

Bullying is so common in modern societies that people don’t even recognise it anymore. People believe it is a normal everyday activity. Calling someone stupid, is bullying. Hitting someone, is bullying.  Intentionally causing pain, is bullying. This is wrong!

Bullying causes so much damage that people who have been bullied tend to end up committing suicide. Four hundred and ninety six. That’s the number of people who have felt so insecure about themselves that they have taken their own life, this year. Four hundred and ninety six. Thats the number of people who are no longer with us, this year, because of someone else’s actions. Four hundred and ninety six. Thats the number of bullies, this year, who can now be considered as murderers…

Bullying is witnessed by people everyday. But either they are to scared to stop it or they dont even realise it is happening.  Victims of bullying would go to adults for help but the common response is, “Kids will be kids” or “They are just playing”. The bully would then think its acceptable to bully and they won’t stop. This is the reason why adults need to come down hard and stomp out bullying!

In Lancashire, April 1967, the first recognised bullycide was Steven Shepherd. In April 1998, Brian Franklish died whilst trying to escape the children bullying him. In Yorkshire, twelve year old Debbie Shaw agreed to a challenge by other girls to end her bullying and suffering. She fought the school bully and died of her injuries.Thirteen year old Roger Hillyard was found dead near his home after a lifetime of bullying.Sisters Samantha and Michaela Kendal were so taunted and bullied about being overweight, they went on a  hunger strike. Sadly both died. Fifteen year old Darren Steele was found hanged in his bedroom after a life of bullying and victimisation at school. In West Midlands, twelve year old, schoolboy, Stephen Woodhall hanged himself with his brother’s school tie rather than facing the bullies in school.”He must have been going through hell,” his father, Ken, said. Later, forty-seven-year-old Kenneth Woodhall also hanged himself. He had never got over the hanging suicide of his son Stephen. In September 1997, 13-year-old Salvation Army girl Kelly Yeomans took a fatal overdose after months of tormenting and bullying. Her bullies were given a slap on the wrist. This is wrong and you know it!

With technology becoming more advanced, bullying has become easier and easier. This is because more and more people are signing up and using social networking sites. for example the most common are ‘Facebook’, ‘Twitter’ and ‘Ask.fm’. Cyber bullying is probably the most common out of the four types of bullying, the reason for this is because bullies feel safe to bully because they have a screen to hide behind and because on many of these sites they have the choice to be anonymous.

Different people bully for different reasons. Jealousy, popularity and personally issues are the main reasons.  Bullies will even bully to follow the others. This is because in society today nobody wants to feel left out or isolated . Also people pick on others because they are different and weak.

Nine hundred thousand people suffer, or have suffered from bullying in Canada. This means that one in every five people have experienced what it’s like to be in fear of someone because they are basically manipulating and controlling your life.

Calling someone fat doesn’t make you any skinnier. Calling someone stupid does make you any smarter. Calling someone ugly doesn’t make you any better looking. This is why we should put a stop to bullying for once and for all. Let’s bully bullying!

The smash, or kill, is the put-away stroke of table tennis. Any ball that is high enough and close enough to the opponent’s side can be smashed, although some opportunities are better than others. The smash shot is an attacking shot that is used by players to try and win the point from the rally Smashing combines waist, forearm, and wrist movement to the fullest extent. A good smash is very hard to return, but it can be done. Do not dawdle after you have executed a smash. The ball is contacted at the top of the bounce at its highest point.

FOREHAND SMASH: Similar to the drive, the key differences include:
A longer back swing
Greater weight transfer during swing
Faster, more intense snapping of the forearm when contacting ball
Depending on ball height and position, the racket is closed more than usual to keep the ball in the court
Longer follow-through, but don’t forget to anticipate a possible return!
BACKHAND SMASH: For the backhand smash shot, the steps that have been noted above for the forehand smash should apply to a backhand smash. Only difference is that you will have to hit the ball with the racket facing the opposite way and your arm coming from across your body.
Tactics In table tennis, the smash shot is used as a kill. The aim of the shot is to score points with you opponents practically having no chance of returning the ball.Its an attacking shot which is played your opponent was struggling to return the ball from your previous and to take full advantage you will use the smash shot to try and gain a point.

Serving in table tennis is very important, if someone were to have a good serve, it’ll improve their game dramatically and more likely for them to win more points. This is because, if you are able to perform a serve that is very hard to return, then the more points that you’ll win. A serve is a shot that takes place behind the edge of the table, it will then start off a rally between two players. There are 4 different types of service when serving in table tennis, they are:
Top spin serve– You slide your paddle over the top of the ball as you hit it. When hit properly and with force, the ball will actually curve downward in its flight and then skip forward after it hits the table.
Side spin serve– You bring the paddle across your body to create the spin.
Back spin serve– This serve is very useful against attacking players and against less experienced ones as well.
And no-spin serve– Can be useful when your adversary is too far from a certain side of the table.

1) On your backhand side, position yourself at the side of the table, halfway between the net and your end of the table.

2) Hold the racket at an open angle – as if you were going to play a backhand push – and with your free hand, hold the ball between your thumb and first finger at a height of around 30cm (12 inches) directly above the racket.

3) Without moving your racket, drop the ball onto it so that the ball is projected towards your opponent’s side of the table.
The ball must first bounce on your side of the table and then go over the net and bounce on your opponent’s side of the table.
Once you’ve mastered this technique standing close to the net, gradually move further away from the net, nearer to your end of the table, and repeat the exercise.
Tactics
when your serving in a table tennis match, it is very important that you know what tactics that you are going to use, and make sure that you don’t give them away. You may serve the ball in a very aggressively to try and gain control of your opponent. Or, you can serve the ball normally, with a little less power, and play more defensively and try and hit your opponent on the counter by placing the ball in an area that they may find hard to return the ball.